ภาษาไทยปฏิเสธง่ายมาก แค่ใส่ "ไม่" หน้า verb: "ไม่ชอบ" "ไม่มี" "ไม่ไป" — แต่ภาษาอังกฤษไม่ใช่แค่ใส่ "no" หน้า verb ต้องใช้ auxiliary verbs ในรูปปฏิเสธเสมอ
ปฏิเสธ To Be (am/is/are/was/were)
เติม not หลัง to be ได้เลย:
| รูปเต็ม | Short form | ตัวอย่าง |
|---|---|---|
| I am not | I'm not | I'm not ready. |
| He/She/It is not | isn't | She isn't here. |
| You/We/They are not | aren't | They aren't coming. |
| I/He/She/It was not | wasn't | It wasn't my fault. |
| You/We/They were not | weren't | We weren't home. |
ปฏิเสธ Verb ทั่วไป — don't / doesn't / didn't
สำหรับ verb ทั่วไป ต้องใช้ do not / does not / did not (= don't / doesn't / didn't) แล้วตามด้วย V1:
| Subject / Tense | ปฏิเสธ | ตัวอย่าง |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They (present) | don't + V1 | I don't like spicy food. |
| He / She / It (present) | doesn't + V1 | She doesn't work here. |
| ทุก subject (past) | didn't + V1 | We didn't go yesterday. |
I don't eat meat.
He doesn't know the answer.
They didn't finish the project.
She doesn't have a car. (ไม่ใช่ "She no have")
ปฏิเสธ Modal Verbs
เติม not หลัง modal ได้เลย:
can → can't / cannot · "I can't swim."
will → won't · "She won't come."
should → shouldn't · "You shouldn't eat that."
must → must not / mustn't · "You mustn't be late."
would → wouldn't · "He wouldn't help me."
ปฏิเสธ Present Continuous
I am not working now. (= I'm not working)
She is not sleeping. (= She isn't sleeping)
ปฏิเสธ Perfect Tense — haven't / hasn't + V3
Perfect tense ปฏิเสธโดยเติม not หลัง have/has (= haven't / hasn't) แล้วตามด้วย V3:
I haven't eaten. (ฉันยังไม่ได้กิน)
She hasn't finished her homework.
They haven't arrived yet.
"no" + noun = "not any" + noun
การปฏิเสธ noun ทำได้ 2 แบบ ความหมายเหมือนกัน: ใช้ no กับ verb บอกเล่า หรือ not any กับ verb ปฏิเสธ
I have no money. = I don't have any money.
There are no tickets left. = There aren't any tickets left.
Double Negative — ห้ามทำ!
ภาษาอังกฤษมาตรฐาน ห้ามใช้ "ปฏิเสธซ้อนปฏิเสธ":
"I don't know nothing." (double negative)
→ I don't know anything. หรือ I know nothing.
"She didn't go nowhere."
→ She didn't go anywhere. หรือ She went nowhere.
กฎ: ถ้ามี don't/doesn't/didn't แล้ว → ตามด้วย any- (anything, anyone, anywhere) ไม่ใช่ no-
ข้อผิดพลาดที่คนไทยทำบ่อย
"I no like coffee." → I don't like coffee.
"She no has a car." → She doesn't have a car.
"He don't know." → He doesn't know. (He/She/It → doesn't)
"I didn't went." → I didn't go. (หลัง didn't ใช้ V1)
1. She _____ (not/like) horror movies.
2. I _____ (not/be) tired right now.
3. They _____ (not/finish) the exam yesterday.
4. He _____ (can/not) drive. (Short form)
ดูเฉลย
1. doesn't like · 2. am not · 3. didn't finish · 4. can't
- To Be: isn't / aren't / wasn't / weren't
- Present verb (I/You/We/They): don't + V1
- Present verb (He/She/It): doesn't + V1
- Past: didn't + V1
- Modal: can't / won't / shouldn't / mustn't
- ห้าม: "I no like" / "She no have" / double negative